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Tipos de exames de visão que podem ser feitos para detectar doenças

É importante fazer um exame de visão como parte da manutenção da boa saúde. Mas você sabe quando deve fazer um exame de optometria para você e seus familiares e que tipo de testes deve ser feitos?

No post de hoje, apresentaremos os tipos de exames de visão e qual o melhor momento para você realizá-los. 

Quando devo fazer um exame de vista?

Possivelmente você já se perguntou isso, certo? A resposta é: depende! Principalmente da sua idade e se você tiver alguma doença ou histórico familiar. Mas, no geral, todas as pessoas devem fazer exames de vista anualmente.

Principais tipos de exame de visão

O exame de visão pode ser dividido em vários tipos, dependendo da condição que você está tentando diagnosticar. Dentre eles, os principais são:

Bebês e crianças

Assim que nascem, os bebês são examinados pelos médicos pediatras, que detectarão a necessidade de frequentar um optometrista. 

Em bebês prematuros a atenção deve ser redobrada e, caso existam suspeitas, exames mais detalhados deverão ser realizados.

Para as crianças que apresentam visão dentro da normalidade, o acompanhamento pode acontecer a cada três anos, seguindo a recomendação pré-escolar.

Entre 3 e 8 anos

Nessas idades, o sistema visual está sendo desenvolvido, por isso é interessante realizar uma revisão anual da visão. 

Às vezes, as dificuldades de aprendizagem podem ser devido a defeitos visuais, à necessidade de óculos ou à dificuldade na visão binocular (uso de ambos os olhos, que é necessário para a visão tridimensional). Nesses casos, os exercícios de terapia visual podem ser úteis. 

Tudo que você precisa saber sobre SAÚDE OCULAR

Na adolescência

Os adolescentes estão passando por mudanças contínuas em seu corpo. Com o crescimento, também é possível aparecer a graduação que eles não tinham antes. Por isso, é importante realizar uma verificação da visão periodicamente para descobrir essas alterações.

Entre 20 a 40 anos

Jovens e adultos que não apresentam patologias da retina podem manter a frequência das consultas anualmente. 

Ao atingir os 40 anos, frequentar um optometrista deverá tornar-se um hábito anual.

Isso porque a partir desta idade, os olhos passam por mudanças e podem começar a apresentar sintomas de patologias como o glaucoma e a catarata. 

Sem tratamento, o glaucoma pode levar à cegueira irreversível. Já a catarata, quando tratada precocemente, permite a recuperação total da função visual.

Após 40 anos

Todos as pessoas devem fazer uma verificação anual da visão, pois é dos 40 a 45 anos quando os primeiros sintomas de presbiopia ou vista cansada começam (dificuldade em se concentrar de perto). 

É importante também avaliar a medida da pressão intraocular, assim como a observação do nervo óptico e a avaliação do campo visual, pois é a idade de apresentação do glaucoma. 

Um exame de optometria pode impedir a perda irreversível da visão, detectando e tratando a pressão intraocular elevada, o principal sinal de glaucoma.

Após 60 anos

Nesta fase, é importante verificar a visão para detectar o aparecimento de cataratas e degeneração macular relacionada à idade (DMRI).

As cataratas normalmente causam alterações frequentes na graduação e/ou diminuição da acuidade visual. 

É um processo normal de envelhecimento da retina, que pode ser resolvido por cirurgia de catarata com um implante de lente intraocular, corrigindo também em muitos casos a graduação anterior.

Já a DMRI, em estágio avançado causa cegueira parcial da visão central.

Verificação da visão com base no histórico familiar

Qualquer tipo de doença ocular em um parente direto é motivo suficiente para realizar um exame de vista completo. 

As doenças oculares que possuem um componente genético mais importante são o glaucoma e a degeneração macular relacionada à idade. 

Como você pode ver, cada fase da vida exige um tipo de exames de visão para garantir a total saúde dos olhos. 

Portanto, desde o inicial — teste do olhinho, até técnicas mais avançadas para acompanhar a degeneração de tecidos na terceira idade, é fundamental realizá-los para ter uma visão sempre adequada.Você costuma consultar o seu optometrista regularmente? Conte nos comentários quais desses exames você já conhecia.

Conheça o Instituto Optométrico dos Olhos e agende uma visita.

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Respostas de 516

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